速查：术语表与常见问题Reference: glossary and FAQ
按学习顺序排列的术语表、关键合约地址与参数、常见问题的直接回答，以及协议的重要时间线。a glossary in learning order, the key contract addresses and parameters, direct answers to common questions, and the protocol timeline.
本页把散落在各章的术语、地址与结论集中起来，方便随时回查。链上读数以 2026-09-25 为准。
术语表
| 术语 | 说明 | 详见 |
|---|---|---|
| TapeOut | BNB Chain 上的链上电路协议，官网 tapeout.net | 概览 |
| 流片（Tape-out） | 把设计正式写上链：销毁所用元件、生成一枚电路 NFT，不可逆 | 核心概念 |
| NAND（与非门） | 最基础的逻辑门，两个输入都是 1 时输出 0；任何计算都能用它搭出 | 核心概念 |
| LATCH（锁存器） | 保存 1 位状态、随出块更新的元件 | 核心概念 |
| 晶体管代币 | NAND 与 LATCH 在链上的形态，ERC-1155，可铸造与交易 | 核心概念 |
| ERC-1155 / ERC-721 | 前者适合「同一种东西很多份」，后者是独一无二的 NFT | 核心概念 |
| 处理器 | 由工厂合约创建的元件发行厂，各有一套元件与电路编号 | 核心概念 |
| 工厂合约 | 用于创建处理器的合约 | 核心概念 |
| Behemoth（巨兽） | 1 号处理器（链上名 Blonskr_No1），挖矿系数 P = 6 | $BEM 与挖矿 |
| 画布（Canvas） | 官网的电路设计工具，浏览器内实时仿真，免费 | 第一次上手 |
| 电路 NFT | 流片后得到的 ERC-721，网表数据在链上，任何人可免费只读调用 | 核心概念 |
| 测试向量 | 官方为每道题准备的标准考题：一组组「输入 → 标准答案」 | $BEM 与挖矿 |
| REF（引用） | 把已有电路当黑盒复用；当前挖矿规则禁止带引用的电路参赛 | 核心概念 |
| 电路容器 | 绑在电路上的链上账户（ERC-6551），无死钥，控制权随 NFT | 电路与容器 |
| ERC-6551 | 让 NFT 拥有自己账户的标准，也称「代币绑定账户」 | 电路与容器 |
| tape:// | 链上网站的地址格式，如 tape://4246.0.tape/ | DeWEB |
| .tape 名字 | 写作 <电路#ID>.<处理器编号>.tape，多链加区号（2 = X Layer，3 = Base） | 电路与容器 |
| TapeKit | 读取 tape:// 的开源工具栈：内核、网关、扩展、查看器 | TapeKit |
| HashPort | 基于 TapeKit 的商业托管服务，负责把网站写进链上仓库 | HashPort |
| TapeSend / TAP-10 | 容器之间收发加密消息的消息层，规范编号 TAP-10 | TapeSend |
| 端点（Endpoint） | TapeSend 的收件地址，由链号与容器地址拼成，共 32 字节 | TapeSend |
| DeWEB | 官方对「去中心化网站 + 消息」这一层的称呼 | DeWEB |
| TapeCode | 应用创建工具：文字描述即生成前后端、审计并部署上链，网页版 tapecode.ai | TapeCode |
| TapeTape | TapeCode 内置的开发者交流，身份由电路 ID 决定 | TapeCode |
| ITO | Initial Tape-Out，以可运行的电路容器为交付物的发行方式，尚未开放 | TapeCode |
| PoD | Proof of Design，按销毁的元件与设计质量分配 BEM | $BEM 与挖矿 |
| 矿机 | 社区对正在参与 PoD 挖矿的电路的俗称 | $BEM 与挖矿 |
| 算力 H | 电路在挖矿中的权重，由 H = (b* + K_task·q) × P 计算 | $BEM 与挖矿 |
| 工本 b* | 本层真正烧掉的元件，b* = n + λ_burn·m | $BEM 与挖矿 |
| 最优首创 | 某道题在某台处理器上设计成本 C 最小的那枚电路，额外获得设计溢价 | $BEM 与挖矿 |
| 已验证池 / 未验证池 | 每日产出的 99% 与 1%；通过抽检的进前者 | $BEM 与挖矿 |
| BEM | PoD 产出的代币，上限 2,100 万枚，无管理员、无交易税 | $BEM 与挖矿 |
| 跨链 BEM | BNB Chain ⇄ X Layer 的 1:1 锁仓铸造，走 LayerZero，1–2 分钟到账 | $BEM 与挖矿 |
| 封印（seal） | 合约管理员永久放弃升级权，之后规则不可改 | 安全与风险 |
| Timelock | 让管理操作必须等待一段时间（此处 48 小时）才能执行的合约 | 安全与风险 |
| salt | 只有你知道的随机数，用于证明设计是本人先做的 | 第一次上手 |
| gas | 在 BNB Chain 上执行交易要付的手续费，用 BNB 支付 | 第一次上手 |
| 流片协议费 | 每次流片额外付给协议的小额 BNB，读 TAPEOUT_FEE() | 第一次上手 |
| MEV | 交易在内存池排队时被他人抢先的行为 | 第一次上手 |
关键地址与参数
| 项目 | 值 |
|---|---|
| BEM 代币 | 0x5ce033B2bFCa3Af30b3e8C8457DeaF776A8b695a |
| PodMining 挖矿合约 | 0x7E2E0DC66a3bD9103E69b766afA62d9f7b697b46 |
| 链 | BNB Chain（链 ID 56）；X Layer 区号 2、Base 区号 3 |
| BEM 总量 / 小数位 | 21,000,000 / 8 |
| 每日产出 / 减半周期 | 7,200 枚 / 约 3.995 年 |
| 已验证池 : 未验证池 | 99% : 1% |
| 处理器系数 P | Behemoth 6，TapeOut 1 |
| 公式参数 | λ = 6，β = 3，Q = 4 |
| 流片协议费 | 0.0002 BNB（2026-09-25 读数） |
| 容器开通费 | BNB Chain 0.012 BNB；X Layer 0.08 OKB |
| 创建处理器 | 0.001 BNB |
| 官方市场手续费 | 1% |
| BEM 跨链 | BNB Chain ⇄ X Layer，1:1 锁仓铸造（LayerZero），1–2 分钟到账 |
| 题库数量 | 267 道 |
常见问题
TapeOut 是在区块链上造真的芯片吗
不是。它造的是链上电路：逻辑门是代币，电路是 NFT，执行由链上求值器完成。「流片」只是借用了半导体行业说法，与真实芯片制造无关。
谁做的
创始人是 X 上的 @Blonskr，自述 16 岁。GitHub 组织 TapeOutProtocol 的公司字段为 TapeOut Labs。其他团队信息主要来自社区整理，未独立核实。
参与要花多少钱
画布设计、仿真与调用电路免费。写链操作都要付 BNB：买元件（可挖矿的两台处理器元件已铸满，只能按市场价买，另付 1% 手续费）、流片（协议费 + gas）、创建处理器（0.001 BNB）、开容器（0.012 BNB）等。入场前把成本算清楚。
挖矿需要显卡吗
不需要。官方说法是「唯一的成本是你在链上不可逆销毁掉的晶体管」。所谓矿机就是一枚合格电路 NFT；设计在某道题里最优还能额外拿设计溢价，这部分可能超过基础收益。
多少天能回本
没有保证。收益取决于全网算力、设计质量与 BEM 价格，三者每天都在变。$BEM 与挖矿 给了自己动手算的方法与示例。
BEM 会增发吗
总量上限 2,100 万枚，唯一能铸币的是挖矿合约，每天产出 7,200 枚，约每 4 年减半。挖矿合约已封印，规则无法修改。
X Layer 上能挖 BEM 吗
不能。官方公告写明 PoD 挖矿仍以 BNB Chain 为中心；X Layer 上可以建处理器、开容器、发消息与放网站，但不产出 BEM。
BEM 怎么跨链
在官网页面上直接操作，不需要第三方桥。BEM 在 BNB Chain 与 X Layer 之间 1:1 锁仓铸造，走 LayerZero，1–2 分钟到账。跨链不产生新的 BEM，只是同一资产在两链间的映射。
什么是 ITO
Initial Tape-Out（首次流片发行）。ICO / IEO / IDO 的交付物是代币，ITO 的交付物是能直接跑的电路容器。TapeCode 上线后开放，条件为「TapeCode 上线两周后日新增项目超过 100 款」，目前尚未上线。
合约安全吗
链上可确认的是：PodMining 与晶体管市场已封印（owner 为零地址），BEM 没有管理员、只有挖矿合约能铸币。这不代表所有合约都已放弃权限，也不代表没有风险。具体自查方法与风险清单见安全与风险。
tape:// 网站用普通浏览器能打开吗
能。通过官方网关即可，例如 https://4246-0.tapekit.org/，不需要安装任何东西。
买到一个名字带 TapeOut 的代币，它是官方的吗
很可能不是。本协议的代币是 BEM，合约 0x5ce0…695a；X Layer 上的 TAPEOUTX 与 flap.sh 上的 $TapeOut 都与本协议无关。
时间线
术语仍有不清楚的地方，可以回到各章正文；生态入口见生态地图。
Glossary
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| TapeOut | the on-chain circuit protocol on BNB Chain, tapeout.net |
| Tape-out | the on-chain act that burns the components used and mints a circuit NFT; irreversible |
| NAND | the basic logic gate: output 0 only when both inputs are 1 |
| LATCH | a component holding one bit, updated per block |
| Transistor token | the on-chain form of NAND/LATCH, an ERC-1155 minted and traded per processor |
| Processor | a component-issuing plant created by the factory contract, with its own parts and circuit numbering |
| Behemoth | processor #1 (on-chain name Blonskr_No1), mining factor P = 6 |
| Canvas | the browser circuit editor; simulation is free and never touches the chain |
| Circuit NFT | the ERC-721 produced by a tapeout; its netlist lives on chain and anyone can call it read-only |
| Test vectors | the official answer key per task: sets of inputs mapped to expected outputs |
| REF | reusing an existing circuit as a black box; banned in current PoD mining |
| Container | the ERC-6551 account attached to a circuit; control follows the NFT |
| tape:// | the address format for on-chain websites, e.g. tape://4246.0.tape/ |
| .tape name | written <circuit#ID>.<processor>.tape; multi-chain prefixes: 2 = X Layer, 3 = Base |
| TapeKit | the open-source stack that reads tape:// — kernel, gateway, extension, viewer |
| HashPort | a commercial hosting service that writes site files into the on-chain registry |
| TapeSend / TAP-10 | the encrypted messaging layer between containers |
| Endpoint | the TapeSend address, 32 bytes of chain ID plus container address |
| DeWEB | the official name for the on-chain website and messaging layer |
| PoD | Proof of Design, distributing BEM by burned components and design quality |
| Mining rig | community shorthand for a circuit participating in PoD |
| Hashpower H | a circuit's mining weight, H = (b* + K_task·q) × P |
| Cost basis b* | components actually burned at this level, b* = n + λ_burn·m |
| Best-first design | the lowest-cost C design per task per processor; it earns the design premium |
| Verified / unverified pool | the daily 99% and 1% of emission; passing circuits enter the former |
| BEM | the token mined by PoD, capped at 21M, no admin, no transfer tax |
| Bridged BEM | 1:1 lock-and-mint between BNB Chain and X Layer over LayerZero, settling in one to two minutes |
| TapeCode | the app builder: a text prompt produces frontend, backend, an audit and an on-chain deploy; web version at tapecode.ai |
| TapeTape | the developer chat inside TapeCode, where identity is set by your circuit ID |
| ITO | Initial Tape-Out: issuance whose deliverable is a running circuit container; not live yet |
| Seal | the admin permanently gives up upgrade rights |
| Timelock | forces a delay (48 hours here) before an admin action executes |
| salt | a random number only you know, used to prove you designed first |
| gas | the fee paid in BNB to execute a transaction |
| Tapeout fee | a small BNB fee per tapeout, read from TAPEOUT_FEE() |
| MEV | someone front-running your queued transaction in the mempool |
Key addresses and parameters
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| BEM token | 0x5ce033B2bFCa3Af30b3e8C8457DeaF776A8b695a |
| PodMining | 0x7E2E0DC66a3bD9103E69b766afA62d9f7b697b46 |
| Chain | BNB Chain (ID 56); X Layer prefix 2, Base prefix 3 |
| BEM supply / decimals | 21,000,000 / 8 |
| Daily emission / halving | 7,200 per day / about 3.995 years |
| Verified : unverified pool | 99% : 1% |
| Processor factor P | Behemoth 6, TapeOut 1 |
| Formula parameters | λ = 6, β = 3, Q = 4 |
| Tapeout fee | 0.0002 BNB (read on 2026-09-25) |
| Container fee | 0.012 BNB on BNB Chain; 0.08 OKB on X Layer |
| Create a processor | 0.001 BNB |
| Official market fee | 1% |
| BEM bridging | BNB Chain ⇄ X Layer, 1:1 lock-and-mint over LayerZero, one to two minutes |
| Task bank | 267 tasks |
FAQ
Does TapeOut build real chips? No. The gates are tokens, circuits are NFTs, and execution comes from on-chain evaluators. "Tape-out" is borrowed from semiconductor practice.
Who made it? The founder is @Blonskr on X, self-described as 16. The GitHub organisation TapeOutProtocol lists TapeOut Labs. Other team details come from community write-ups and are not independently verified.
What does participation cost? Design, simulation and circuit calls are free. Every write costs BNB: components (the two mineable processors are sold out, so buy on the market at 1% fee), tapeout (protocol fee plus gas), creating a processor (0.001 BNB), opening a container (0.012 BNB).
Do I need a GPU? No. The only cost is the transistors you irreversibly burn on chain. A "mining rig" is just a qualifying circuit NFT, and a best-first design earns an extra premium.
When do I break even? There is no guarantee. It depends on network hashpower, design quality and the BEM price, all changing daily.
Will BEM inflate? Supply is capped at 21M. Only the mining contract can mint, 7,200 per day, halving about every four years, and the contract is sealed.
Can I mine BEM on X Layer? No. PoD mining stays centred on BNB Chain; X Layer supports processors, containers, messages and sites.
How do I bridge BEM? Straight from the official site, with no third-party bridge. BEM moves 1:1 lock-and-mint between BNB Chain and X Layer over LayerZero, settling in one to two minutes, and no new BEM is created.
What is an ITO? Initial Tape-Out. Where an ICO, IEO or IDO delivers a token, an ITO delivers a circuit container that runs on chain. It opens with TapeCode — announced condition: more than 100 new projects a day two weeks after launch. It is not live yet.
Are the contracts safe? On chain you can confirm that PodMining and the transistor market are sealed and that BEM has no admin. That does not mean every contract gave up permissions, nor that there is no risk.
Can I open a tape:// site in a normal browser? Yes, through the official gateway such as https://4246-0.tapekit.org/.