从 Mint 到流片From minting to tapeout
备好钱包，分清 Processor 与流片，再按「买元件 → 流片 → 开挖」走一遍，附费用速查与常见坑。Sort out your wallet, tell a Processor from a tapeout, then run the loop: buy parts, tape out, start mining — with a fee sheet and common pitfalls.
准备钱包
TapeOut 跑在 BNB Chain（链 ID 56）上，需要一个支持它的浏览器或手机钱包。官方没有发布钱包教程，也没指定钱包，通用做法是：
- 新建一个专用钱包，别用存大额资产的主钱包；
- 抄下助记词并离线保存——它是钱包的全部控制权，索要助记词的都是骗子；
- 切到 BNB Chain 主网（多数钱包内置；手动添加时链 ID 填 56）；
- 转入少量 BNB，用来付 Gas 和买晶体管。
Gas 是什么？ 每次改变链上状态（买、卖、流片、领取）都是一笔交易，要付一小笔 BNB 给网络；只读查询（调用电路、看数据）不要 Gas。
先分清两件事
- Processor（处理器）：由工厂合约创建，作用是发行元件。
- 流片：消耗元件，生成你自己的电路 NFT。
一句话：处理器负责造出零件，流片把零件变成你的电路。
处理器：晶体管的「发行厂」
这里的处理器不是电脑里的 CPU，而是一座晶体管发行厂：任何人花 0.001 BNB（官网标注）就能开一座，创建时定好晶体管总量、铸造单价与收入分成，之后写死。
- 每台处理器按创建顺序编号，从 0 开始，只增不改；截至 2026-09-25 共 1043 台。
- 别人铸造你处理器的晶体管，收入记在你名下，要到详情页手动提取。
- 不同处理器的晶体管不能混用：买之前先确认是哪台处理器的 NAND / LATCH，否则可能流片不到想去的地方，也可能不能挖矿。
- 能挖矿的只有两台：Behemoth（#1）与 TapeOut（#30）；#0 Genesis 是示例处理器。社区开的处理器，官网会标注「社区处理器，非官方、未认证」。
画布与流片
画布是官网的电路设计工具：把 NAND、LATCH 拖进去，从一个输出端拉线到另一个输入端，就完成一次连接。画布上的一切在你自己的浏览器里实时仿真，不上链、不花钱，可以反复试错；会用专业工具（Yosys、ABC）的人，还能把导出的 BLIF 文件直接导入画布。
满意后点「流片上链」：
- 你用掉的晶体管代币被真实销毁；
- 链上生成一枚电路 NFT（ERC-721），每一枚都独一无二；
- 电路逻辑以一段「哪个门接哪个门」的数据（网表）存在链上。
两点注意：一笔流片交易装不下太大的电路，数据超过约 4 万字节 会失败，大电路要拆成几张；流片不可逆，动手前先在画布里验证逻辑。
流片前先验证
流片一旦上链，逻辑就永久固定。好习惯是先在只读调用里试算几遍：用 eval、step 这类接口喂进一组输入，看输出对不对，整个过程不花钱。
官网的「BTC 矿机」页面只是演示，不是真的在挖比特币——它用来展示链上电路能跑 SHA-256。
电路是一个函数
流片后，电路变成一个谁都能调用的函数：只读查询，不发交易、不花 Gas、不用连钱包。电路里没有「调用别人」的操作，也没有可写状态——收下一个陌生人的电路，最坏的结果就是它返回一个错误答案。
画布允许把已有电路当黑盒拖进新设计复用，这叫引用（REF）；但当前版本的 PoD 挖矿规则禁止带引用的电路参与挖矿。
动手顺序
- 买元件：在市场用 BNB 买入 NAND、LATCH。
- 发布流片：提交设计，销毁元件，铸成电路 NFT。
- 开挖：把电路放到工作台启动，参与全网打分，按排名 Claim $BEM。
元件怎么买
流片要消耗晶体管，获取方式有两种：
- 铸造（Mint）：在处理器详情页按创建者定的单价铸造。某台处理器铸满后，官网会提示「已售罄，无法在它上面流片」。
- 在市场买：官方晶体管市场是纯链上订单簿，收 1% 手续费；第三方市场很多，但都没有官方背书。
想挖矿的话注意：能挖的两台处理器 TapeOut（#30）与 Behemoth（#1）晶体管都已铸满（2026-09-25 读合约：100 万 / 10 万，铸造量等于上限），新人只能去市场上买。流片时官网会自动填处理器地址：有自己创建的就用自己的，没有就默认官方 TapeOut。
别急着看价格和哪个「芯片」值得 Mint——先看它能不能做事，再决定要不要持有它的元件。
流片时的两道保护
- 防抢跑（MEV 防护）：交易在上链前会先在公开排队区等几秒，可能被人偷看抢先复制。官网会先建好防护再发出你的网表；若防护没建立，官网会停下来提醒，只有你明确接受「可能被抢跑」才应继续。
- 原创存证：挖矿页支持先提交一个「设计承诺」再流片，防止别人抄你的设计抢「最优首创」。官网会在你电脑上存一份备份，内含只有你知道的随机数（salt）作为时间证明——开挖前别发给任何人。
费用速查
数字来自官网界面（2026-09-25）与链上实测，Gas 另计。
| 操作 | 费用 | 可逆 |
|---|---|---|
| 画布设计、仿真 | 免费 | — |
| 调用电路（只读） | 免费 | — |
| 创建处理器 | 0.001 BNB | 不可逆 |
| 铸造晶体管 | 单价 × 数量 + 协议费（单价由创建者定；TapeOut 协议费 0.0001 BNB，Behemoth 0） | 不可逆（可再卖出） |
| 官方市场成交 | 1% 手续费 | 不可逆 |
| 流片 | 销毁晶体管 + 流片协议费（约 0.0002 BNB）+ Gas | 不可逆 |
| 开电路容器 | 0.012 BNB（X Layer 上 0.08 OKB） | 不可逆 |
常见坑与风险
- 买错处理器的晶体管：不同处理器的晶体管不通用，挖矿只认 TapeOut 与 Behemoth 两台。
- 电路太大流片失败：界面会提前拦下超限的网表；超过挖矿「门数闸门」的电路只能进收益很低的未验证池。
- 卖电路忘了领收益：正在挖矿的电路，未领取的 $BEM 会随 NFT 一起归买家。
- 挂单忘了清空容器：容器里的资产会随电路一起交出去，且不计入挂单价格。
- 点了假网址：永远从书签或手动输入进入官网。
- 每一步都可能要 Gas；链上操作不可逆，流片会销毁元件。
- 收益取决于设计能力与全网竞争，买到元件不等于稳赚。
链上每一步都可能不可逆，动手前先小额试。
Prepare a wallet
TapeOut runs on BNB Chain (chain ID 56), so you need a browser or mobile wallet that supports it. The project publishes no wallet tutorial and endorses none; the usual routine:
- create a dedicated wallet — not the main wallet holding large assets;
- write down the seed phrase and keep it offline — it is full control of the wallet, and anyone asking for it is a scammer;
- switch to BNB Chain mainnet (most wallets have it built in; add it manually with chain ID 56);
- fund it with a little BNB for gas and parts.
What is gas? Every action that changes on-chain state (buying, selling, taping out, claiming) is a transaction that pays a small BNB fee to the network; read-only queries (calling a circuit, reading data) need none.
Two things to tell apart
- Processor: created by a factory contract; it issues the parts.
- Tapeout: consumes parts and mints your own circuit NFT.
In one line: a processor makes the parts, a tapeout turns them into your circuit.
A processor: a "transistor mint"
A processor here is not a CPU inside a computer but a transistor mint: anyone can open one for 0.001 BNB (per the official site), fixing its total transistor supply, mint price and revenue share at creation.
- Processors are numbered in creation order, starting at 0, only increasing; 1043 of them as of 2026-09-25.
- When others mint your processor tokens, the revenue is credited to you and must be withdrawn manually on the detail page.
- Transistors from different processors are not interchangeable: before buying, confirm which processor the NAND / LATCH belongs to, or your tapeout may land somewhere else, or may not mine at all.
- Only two processors can mine: Behemoth (#1) and TapeOut (#30); #0 Genesis is a sample processor. Community processors are flagged on the site as "community, not official, not certified".
Canvas and tapeout
The canvas is the design tool on the site: drag NAND and LATCH in, pull a wire from one output to another input, and you have made a connection. Everything on the canvas simulates inside your own browser, off-chain and free, so you can try as many times as you like; those using professional tools (Yosys, ABC) can import an exported BLIF file straight into the canvas.
When satisfied, press "tape out on-chain":
- the transistor tokens you used are really burned;
- an ERC-721 circuit NFT is minted on-chain, each one unique;
- the circuit logic is stored on-chain as data (a netlist) describing which gate wires to which.
Two cautions: a single tapeout transaction cannot hold too large a circuit — data above roughly 40,000 bytes fails, so large circuits must be split into several edits; and a tapeout is irreversible, so verify the logic on the canvas first.
Verify before taping out
Once a tapeout is on-chain the logic is fixed forever. The good habit is to test-read a few times first: feed a set of inputs through read-only calls like eval and step, check the outputs, and pay nothing.
The "BTC miner" page on the site is only a demo — it is not really mining bitcoin; it shows that on-chain circuits can run SHA-256.
A circuit is a function
After a tapeout the circuit becomes a function anyone can call: a read-only query, with no transaction, no gas and no wallet. A circuit has no "call others" instruction and no writable state — the worst a stranger can do by handing you a circuit is return a wrong answer.
The canvas also lets you drop an existing circuit into a new design as a black box, called a reference (REF); but the current PoD mining rules bar circuits that contain references from mining.
The order
- Buy parts: purchase NAND and LATCH on the market with BNB.
- Tape out: submit the design, burn the parts, mint a circuit NFT.
- Start mining: run the circuit on the workbench, get scored, and claim $BEM by rank.
Buying parts
A tapeout consumes transistors, and there are two ways to get them:
- Mint: on a processor detail page, at the price its creator set. Once a processor is sold out the site says it is "sold out, cannot tape out on it".
- Buy on the market: the official transistor market is a purely on-chain order book charging 1%; third-party markets are many, but none is endorsed.
If you intend to mine: both mineable processors, TapeOut (#30) and Behemoth (#1), are already sold out (per contracts read on 2026-09-25: 1M and 100K, minted equals cap), so newcomers must buy on the market. At tapeout the site fills the processor address automatically: your own project if you have one, otherwise the official TapeOut.
Do not start from price or which "chip" looks worth minting — see whether it can do the work first, then decide whether to hold its parts.
Two safeguards at tapeout
- Front-run protection (MEV): before it lands, a transaction waits a few seconds in the public queue, where someone may peek and copy it. The site builds the protection first, then sends your netlist; if protection is not up it stops and warns you, and you should continue only if you clearly accept being front-run.
- Proof of originality: the mining page lets you submit a "design commitment" before taping out, so nobody can copy your design and grab "first-best". The site saves a backup file on your computer containing a random number (salt) only you know, as proof of time — do not send it to anyone before mining starts.
Fee cheat sheet
Figures are from the site UI (2026-09-25) and on-chain readings; gas is extra.
| Action | Fee | Reversible |
|---|---|---|
| Design and simulate on the canvas | free | — |
| Call a circuit (read-only) | free | — |
| Create a processor | 0.001 BNB | no |
| Mint transistors | price × amount + protocol fee (price set by the creator; TapeOut protocol fee 0.0001 BNB, Behemoth 0) | no (can resell) |
| Trade on the official market | 1% | no |
| Tapeout | burned transistors + tapeout protocol fee (about 0.0002 BNB) + gas | no |
| Open a circuit container | 0.012 BNB (0.08 OKB on X Layer) | no |
Common pitfalls and risks
- Wrong processor parts: transistors are not interchangeable, and mining only counts TapeOut and Behemoth.
- Circuit too large: the UI blocks an over-limit netlist up front; circuits above the mining gate count can only enter the low-yield unverified pool.
- Selling a circuit without claiming: unclaimed $BEM on a mining circuit goes to the buyer with the NFT.
- Listing without emptying the container: assets inside go with the circuit and are not counted in the listing price.
- Fake URLs: always enter the official site from a bookmark or by typing it in.
- Every step may need gas; on-chain actions are irreversible; a tapeout burns parts.
- Returns depend on design skill and network competition; owning parts is no guarantee.
Every on-chain step can be irreversible — start small.